Missoula Flood :: miscellaneous

Missoula Flood Human beings existing, breathing, and walking around on a measureless, changing and growing quickly as times goes by. Similar to the human growth, landforms kept on changing rapidly over years after years. For many centuries, geologists believed landscapes were formed through a long process known as uniformitarian- a â€Å"gradually† slow process of changing its landscapes toward its environments. Evidence of multiple catastrophism- a â€Å"speed† process of landform has been developed over the years, especially during the time of J. Harlen Bretz, a remarkable geologist who defied the scientific belief of his day and argued that sudden flood of almost unbelievable force rather than the slow uniform process. By recognizing the effects of catastrophic flooding on the Columbia Plateau of eastern Washington, the Missoula flood was brought upon the geologist community. The event of Missoula flood caused spectacular changes in landscapes. Even though thousands years of land erosion, scars of the flood still visible and noticeable. This significant event made remarkable changes in the geology, and guide us to a new level of understanding the causes of changes in the past leading to present and into the future as well. Landscapes around us significantly change because of the Missoula flood. Bretz began to realized the area of Puget Sound- area filled with valleys and complex drainage channels and had been covered by mountain glaciers - is made up of giant discarded river channels during the time of glaciers expansion nudged the drainage system southward. (p. 19) One of the places that Bretz visited was Columbia River Gorge, a stretch of steep river valley that cuts its way through the Cascade Mountains. (p. 27) Here Bretz found certain number of misfit rocks called erratics, a rock type that located distance away from their area of origin. Erractics not only came from the coast but the interior of Washington and Idaho. Found their way into the Columbia Gorge, their boulders have clearly avoided the usual breaking up and smoothing down that occurs to river tumbled rocks. Rolling, grinding, and polishing action did not transport these erractics, something irregular has occurred. Their sizes are a thousand times larger than the river gravels and are likely to be angular rather than smooth. At the same time, Bretz notices the oddness of its dry falls in the Columbia Gorge on the U.S. Geological Survey map of Quincy Basin, showed up clearly at the western end of the basin.

Advertising Alcohol Essay

Alcohol has appeared in UK as well as around the world for many years. It plays a significant rule in the life of human. As British Medical Association in 2009, people in UK is the most of alcohol users in Europe. However, like other addictive substances, abuse of alcohol will bring a lot of bad consequences for people. Timms (2013) claimed that alcohol is the cause of psychosis, dementia, and physical problem. There are some people who claimed that government is not authorized to control the advertising of alcohol stricter than other products, but some were in the other idea that government should do it because of the bad impact from alcohol advertising to those who watch it, especially young people. This essay is aim to clarify the opinion that alcohol will result negative effect for human heath as well as social life and its advertising need to be restricted by government. Firstly, except useful of alcohol to people life, alcohol is cause of many negative problems. It is a fact that alcohol was used in to many industries such as food, heath service, and research also. Alcohol may good for heath with a limit amount. With reference from NIH (2003), in a great number of male surveyed, those who drank more than three times a week will have fewer heath risk than others who just drank less than once a week. However, according to Kenny (2012), people should not drink alcohol too much everyday. For instance, the limit of alcohol, which accepted by government, is 150–200ml for men and 100-150ml for women. Base on each habitus, drinking more than that unit may lead to sign of headache, dizzy, sickness, loss of control, etc. To reference from Hall’s research last year, 25% of deaths increase in the last ten years was caused by alcohol. It showed that most of people cannot control their drinking, and this number is increasing day by day. Thus, it is important to limit alcohol use. Secondly, alcoholics are threatening to the social life. It may be noted that drinking alcohol is dangerous not only for people but also their family. A lot of social evil and family violence are come from drunken people. When drinking too much wine or beer, the phenomenon of losing control will appear. Then, the drinker may have negative activities to people around. For example, according to Aquarius, 30% of sexual harassments were affected by alcohol. Furthermore, unfortunately, almost alcoholic was the cause of increasing unemployment (Macpherson, 1988). Then it tends to the thievery when alcoholics do not have money to buy alcohol. From those reasons, it is clear to see that alcohol is truly a hazard to people. Turning to the other side, advertising of alcohol will also bring the bad effect to people. Alcohol advertisement, like other product’s advertisement, is aim to approach people and persuade them to buy as much as possible. Actually, most of alcohol advertising content was received great evaluation from people under 23 years old (Jernigan, 2010). On the other hand, although people know the negative of using alcohol, promotion by any way will make them tend to use it naturally. Wilby (2008) claimed that people are strong affected by advertising of alcohol because they are easily to receive information provided by this advertisement. Advertising of alcohol makes people, especially the youth, image that it is the daily product. Moreover, Jernigan (2010) believed that almost alcohol companies tried to insert the combination of unmeasured features relative to cultural, religious and regulatory context on their advertising. Thus, they try using it everyday like the case that they saw on advertising. In British Medical Association (2009), researchers said â€Å"alcohol advertising and promotion increases the likelihood that adolescents will start to use alcohol and to drink more if they are already using alcohol†. Therefore, if alcohol companies are all free to do advertising by their own way, it will be dangerous for customer insight. Finally, alcohol advertising needs to be limited to protect customer from the wrong perception about wine or beer. In fact, alcohol companies have right to do advertise like other product in market. The more alcohol that they sold, the more money of tax government can earn. Follow HMRC (2013), alcohol products brought a huge number of revenue to UK, which is ? 3,323m from April to July 2013. This number illustrated for the great tax revenue that government earned from alcohol companies. However, the damage to people heath and life are bigger than that. Government had to pay more for the accident and medical insurance that come from effect of drinking too much alcohol. Therefore, limitation to the advertising content of alcohol is really necessary. In practice, government represents for the right of people, so they need to intervene to alcohol advertising for protecting customer. Although government cannot absolutely ban all the advertising of alcohol, they need to control it. For example, Hall (2012) believed that alcohol marketing â€Å"require that ads not link alcohol with sex, social success, youth culture or juvenile behavior†. In conclusion, the essay focused on difference points of whether alcohol advertising should be restricted or not, and the role of government in this situation. Obviously, whether drinking alcohol is good or not depends largely on the awareness of people who use it. Nevertheless, advertising this product widely on media will cause many bad impacts. For that reason, the strict guidelines and regulation for alcohol advertising is really needed. The government should strictly control this kind of product as well as develop propagandize for people about using alcohol in the right way. Apart from that, government also can impose more heavy taxes upon alcohol goods. This can force customer to use less alcohol and increase national income at the same time. References AQUARIUS (n. d. ) Alcohol and Violence [WWW] Aquarius. Available from: http://www. aquarius. org. uk/alcoholandviolence [Accessed 02/09/2013]. BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2009) Under the influence: the damaging effect of alcohol marketing on young people [WWW] Available from: http://www.alcohollearningcentre. org. uk/_library/undertheinfluence_tcm41-1900621. pdf [Accessed 24/08/13]. HALL, E. (2012) Sobering up the U. K. proves difficult. Advertising Age, 83 (17), pp. 9. HMRC (2013) Tax and Duty Bulletins [WWW] HM Revenue & Customs. Available from: https://www. uktradeinfo. com/Statistics/Pages/TaxAndDutybulletins. aspx [Accessed 01/09/2013]. JERNIGAN, D. (2010) The extent of global alcohol marketing and its impact on youth. Contemporary Drug Problems, 37 (1), pp. 57-89. MACPHERSON, N (1988) The Effect of Alcoholism on Earning Capacity [WWW] Economica. Available from: http://www. economica. ca/ew03_2p1. htm [Accessed 02/09/2013]. NIH (2003) Frequency of Light-to-Moderate Drinking Reduces Heart Disease Risk in Men [WWW] NIH. Available from: http://www. nih. gov/news/pr/jan2003/niaaa-08. htm [Accessed 31/08/2013]. Timms, P. (2013) Alcohol and depression [WWW] Royal College of Psychiatrists’ Public Education Editorial Board. Available from: http://www. rcpsych. ac. uk/mentalhealthinfoforall/problems/alcoholanddrugs/alcoholdepression. aspx [Accessed 31/08/2013]. WILBY, P. (2008) Under the influence. New Statesman, 137 (4887), pp. 17.

Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines Essay - 935 Words

Inside Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines Page 1 Royal Caribbean is a $4 billion company that began in 1969 in Norway. It’s the second largest cruise line on the market behind Carnival that makes up 27% of the world’s cruise market. Edwin Stephan and Arne Wilhemsen merged their ideas together to present cruises to the Caribbean for wealthy people living in Florida. Three Norwegian shipping companies established Royal Caribbean Cruise Line: Anders Wilhemsen and company, I.M. Skauge and company, and later Gotaas Larsen. The current chairman and CEO is Richard D Fain, and the President and CEO is Adam M. Goldstein. The cruise line is based in Miami, Florida and owned by Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd.†¦show more content†¦The objective was to target a consumer mindset rather than demographics alone. According to Royal’s official website, the campaign has successfully raised brand preference by 68 % and increased web traffic by 400 %. The excitement during your vacation can be found both onboard and at the ports. One unique onboard activity is the 40 foot FlowRider. It’s a wave simulator that can be found on the Freedom of the Seas where guests can surf on deck. Another unique onboard activity is zip lining on the Allure of the Seas and the Oasis of the Seas. All of the ships also provide rock climbing. Royal also has its own private destination in Haiti called Labadee. This location is exclusive only to Royal Caribbean guests. It’s located on the north coast of Haiti, surrounded by mountain slopes and beaches. It also features a water park just for kids. Another exclusive location for only Royal Caribbean guests is Coco Cay, Bahamas. There are tons of activities and tours available in this private destination. Royal Caribbean targets every age group. They also want their services to accommodate everyone as well. They tend to target mainly families, parents, and kids by providing a unique vacationing experience. They also tend to target couples between the ages of 25-54 looking for a romantic getaway. They do not focus on one specific demographic. According to Royal Caribbean’sShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan Royal Caribbean Cruise Line2170 Words   |  9 Pages Marketing Plan Royal Caribbean Cruise Line Samuel A Shore Ronnie Seamen HFT 3503 Professor Fiazan Ali 11/24/2016 Section I- Background Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines Introduction: identify and describe the company’s mission statement and marketing objectives. The mission statement for a business will state the organizations purpose, what it hopes to accomplish and should always stress the major policies that the company wants to honor. 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At the similar time, the community sectors inspectionRead MoreCase Assignment Royal Caribbean Essay2485 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿a.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Describe Royal Caribbean’s business.   How important are international operations for the company? At the end of the 1960’s, Wilhelmsen and Stephan came up with the profitable idea that the wealthy residents of Florida will consider paying top dollar amounts to cruise to the Caribbean Islands as a great alternative for a week or weekend getaway. After proposing this idea to Norwegian entrepreneurs, Royal Caribbean Cruise lines, was born. Forty five years and forty ships later, based out ofRead MoreCelebrity Cruises Case Study Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesCelebrity Cruises was founded in 1989 by the Chandris Group, a Greek company originally in the shipping business. In 1997, the company merged with Royal Caribbean International to become part of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. The parent company was determined to keep the two brand’s marketing and operations separate in order for each to target their own market segments. Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. operates not only Royal Caribbean Cruises but also Celebrity Cruises, Azamara Club Cruises, PullmanturRead MoreThe Cruise And Royal Caribbean Cruise2850 Words   |  12 Pagesbreak?† Ever considered going on a Cruise Ship to the Bahamas or Europe or even Canada for a few days? With 24 hour food service; daycares for various ages; around the clock entertainment; numerous pools and jacuzzis; gyms and spas; back to back parties, bars and lounges; how can anyon e not forget their troubles and enjoy their life for that moment being on a luxurious cruise ship? The Cruise Ship Industry started in the early 1970s with their oldest cruise line, Norwegian, since then this industryRead MoreCase Study : Caribbean Cruises, And My Life2033 Words   |  9 PagesThe focus of my I-Search paper is Caribbean cruises, and I chose to write my paper on this topic because of some very exhilarating news my mom told me on a Saturday at around midday. I walked upstairs to find my mom sitting at our dining room table with a pile of money next to her as she was filling out a chart. With a confused look on my face, I asked her what she was doing. She replied, â€Å"I’m creating a plan so it will be easier for us to save money for a much-needed vacation.† Still puzzled, I

Essay Macbeth - 776 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the main character, Macbeth, can be compared in many was to a Machiavellian prince. Macbeth’s ambition to be king and his desire for power are the basis of Machiavelli’s ideas, but when examined more closely we find many flaws in Macbeth’s character that Machiavelli warns will be destructive. Although Macbeth has many Machiavellian characteristics, Macbeth’s rise to power without true â€Å"fortune† or â€Å"virtue† leads him to his downfall. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The character of Macbeth is a classic example of a Shakespearean tragic hero. Macbeth’s achieves his long time desire to be king, but his tragic flaw brings him to ruin. His character changes drastically during the play. At†¦show more content†¦With encouragement from his wife, Lady Macbeth, Macbeth is able to murder Duncan to become king, although Macbeth has always been considered a noble man. Machiavelli writes that in order to keep power a prince does not have to be loyal to his friends and subjects. He also states that â€Å"it is necessary for a prince†¦to learn how not to be good.† Macbeth seems to be capable of having these qualities. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A lot of Macbeth’s actions in the play are led by his desire to be king and idea that his fate to be king is predetermined. He hears the witches’ prophecy of his future, which gives him confidence to kill Duncan and follow his ambition to be king. These two drives can somewhat be compared to Machiavelli’s idea of fortune and virtue. Machiavelli’s term â€Å"fortune† can be described as one’s destiny or fate. The term â€Å"virtue† is personality qualities that allow one to rule, like greatness, strength, or determination. Machiavelli believes either fortune or virtue is necessary to gain power. The witch’s prophesy may seem to be â€Å"fortune† and Macbeth’s desire for power may seem to be â€Å"virtue†, but Machiavelli might not completely agree. In order to become king, Macbeth had to murder his friends and kinsmen; Machaivelli’s would not consider this to be fortune. Gaining power through fortune should be effortless and would occur much more naturally, as in being an heir to the throne from one’s father. Machiavelli may not considerShow MoreRelatedMacbeth : Macbeth 1411 Words   |  6 PagesPeter Klimek Mrs. Moeller Macbeth Rough Draft 3/7/16 Ambitionz Az Macbeth Macbeth is a character in a play by Shakespeare with a tragic flaw. He had a quick rise to power and shortly after that a fall. Macbeth’s tragic downfall is a consequence of his vaulting ambition which is fueled by greed, fear and arrogance. Lady Macbeth and the three witches also have a major key in influencing his emotions. They manipulated the emotions he felt so he acted more rashly on them. Macbeth was a guy that couldRead MoreMacbeth Essays : Macbeth 1064 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth Analytical Essay In life, there are two types of people: those who do the right thing and those who don’t. In the play Macbeth, by Shakespeare, the main character Macbeth is given a prophecy by three witches that says he will become king; however, there is no descending line of kings of his own blood. With the knowledge of the Witches’ prophecy, Macbeth’s ambition, and manipulation from his wife, Lady Macbeth, Macbeth is quickly dragged into a never-ending, bloody murder rampage to obtainRead MoreMacbeth - Imagery in Macbeth1331 Words   |  6 Pagesart of making images, the products of imagination. In the play Macbeth Shakespeare applies the imagery of clothing, darkness and blood. (listed from least to most), Each detail is his imagery, it seems to contain an important symbol of the play. Symbols that the reader must understand if they are to interpret either the passage or the play as a whole. Within the play Macbeth the imagery of clothing portrays that Macbeth is seeking to hide his disgraceful self from his eyes and othersRead MoreMacbeth864 Words   |  4 Pagesimagination. In any piece of literature, imagery plays a significant role in illustrating the characters. In the play, Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are developed through the use of clothing, sleep, and blood imagery. Through the use of clothing imagery, Shakespeare exposes and develops the character of Macbeth. In the beginning, Macbeth is seen as loyal soldier of King Duncan. When presented with the title of Thane of Cawdor, he says Why do you dressRead MoreMacbeth1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe Loyalty of Masculinity In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth the main theme of loyalty is explored throughout the play by main characters. Loyalty can be defined as faithfulness or unwavering devotion to a person or cause. Duncan, Banquo, Macduff and Macbeth are all essential characters who are given opportunities to express their loyalty, however it is the different ways in which these characters choose to be loyal or disloyal that shape the play as a whole. It is the character’s loyalty and/orRead MoreMacBeth867 Words   |  4 Pagesart, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promised. Yet for I fear thy nature; It is too full o’th’ milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way† (Shakespeare 1.5.12-15). Lady Macbeth is the bad influence Macbeth has in his life that persuades him into killing King Duncan and rushes into being King. Before Macbeth became paranoid after the brutal death of King Duncan, he was a worthy captain of the kings army. â€Å"The service and the loya lty I owe in doing it pays itself. Your Highness’ part isRead MoreMacbeth1038 Words   |  5 Pageswith it?  Would you do  right or wrong? To ignore the premonitions  or to go ahead,  knowing that if you do go ahead you would  destroy the natural order? This is what Macbeth had to solve within himself,  his internal conflict. Ladies and Gentlemen, an overriding theme of conflict is established within William Shakespeare’s tragic play â€Å"Macbeth†. Conflict. What is conflict? We simply define conflict as the struggle between opposite forces or different opinions between people. Though it doesn’t always haveRead MoreMacbeth739 Words   |  3 PagesSynopsis Macbeth  is a play about a Scottish nobleman who learns, from a prophecy given to him by three witches, that he is to become king. When Macbeths ambition overcomes his moral judgement, he assassinates the reigning king and fulfils the prophecy. In doing so, however, he undermines his own rule with insecurity - insecurity he created when he upset the natural succession to the throne. Beheaded in battle, Macbeths death allows the rightful heir to reclaim the throne and order is restoredRead MoreMacbeth1388 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth: Character Analysis The Tragedy of Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is about a soldier, Macbeth, and his friend, Banquo, who meet up with three strange witches who share prophecies with the two men. Macbeth is told that he will become king someday and rule the land of Scotland. The rest of the play follows the actions of once a loyal soldier turned into a greedy king, who seeks to hold the crown forever no matter what the consequences may be. Throughout the play Macbeth displays himselfRead MoreMacbeth757 Words   |  4 Pagesat me† Macbeth to Banquo’s ghost. â€Å"This is the very painting of your fear† Lady Macbeth to her husband. â€Å"Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble†. Witches (4.1.1) Images of disguise and concealment (appearance vs reality): â€Å"Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under’t† Lady Macbeth, 1, 5 â€Å"False face must hide what the false heart doth know† Macbeth, 1,7 â€Å"There’s daggers in men’s smiles. The near in blood, the nearer bloody† Donalbain 2, 3. Macbeth tells

Cyber Security Is One Of The Hottest Topic Essay - 1693 Words

TILTLE: Cyber security is one of the hottest topic in the IT world . Cyber security is the non- ending.Computer security is also known as Cyber security or IT security. In this research more emphases is given on network security or the security of data that is being transmitted through a network. The main idea behind choosing this topic, other than my interest is the problem of security in the real world or the Cyber world.At this point of time a great number of people are digital people, being digital means directly or indirectly we are dealing with computers.So it becomes important to have a safe channel for the things that we do digitally.But till date nothing is 100% secure in the digital world, yes we humans have developed very secure equipments but still everday a new way of creating problem is also being developed . Most of the things that we use digitally are supposed to be dynamic and to bring dynamacity in our digital world , we need to be on a network . Networks are always prone to the security threats. No matters how secure a network is , people are developing new ways of penetrating through these networks everday. Due to this our data that is being transmitted through network is not safe.One needs to be updated of all the types of bugs that can create problem in a network, and this factor of being updated of all kinds of new threats makes this topic more interesting ,one will have to thing in an inovative way to deal with problems that are extremely new. ItShow MoreRelatedSocial Networking: Security Issues with an Emphasis on Todays Networking Media2647 Words   |  11 PagesSocial Networking: Security Issues with an Emphasis on Today’s Networking Media Before getting started on the topic listed above, what exactly is Social Networking? 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These factors are important for retailers to compete in the market andRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesicons reprinted with permission from the Microsoft Corporation. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation. Copyright  ©2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1999 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction

Digging-Seamus Heaney Free Essays

The message in this poem is Heaney is feeling slightly Guilty for not following the footsteps of his father in becoming a farmer instead he became a writer. The guilt is brought arcross as Heaney is breaking a agricultural tradition in his family. The techniques Heaney uses in this poem are onamatopoeia â€Å"Squelch† for example. We will write a custom essay sample on Digging-Seamus Heaney or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also in the second last verse Heaney uses a listing device. Also he uses lieration â€Å"curt cuts† whichgive added ethisis. Heaney also uses roots to describe his family roots. Heaney is effectively â€Å"digging† his memories at the instant he begins to write, he looks out his window and starts reminiscing about his past, he then becomes enthralled in guilt because he did not follow his grandfather, and fathers path, which leaves him feeling guilty and below them, he feels his forefathers were great men and he is not, however he still speaks of his pride in his own choice in a â€Å"pen is mightier than the sword† kind of way This poem compares his life to that of his father. He looks at the skill of his father and sees that he can never do what his father is so skilled at â€Å"digging†. He describes in fine detail the art and mechanics of digging potatoes and the ease at which his father can do it. He compares the skill of his father digging potatoes to that of his grandfather digging in the bog, a completely different skill. Again he described in fine detail the art of digging turf and the sights and sounds that are part of it. The wonderful line that shifts time lines from the present , where he looks at his father perhaps clearing up a gravel path â€Å"comes up twenty years away† to him digging potatoes. In the second last verse a line from each generation is compared and tells him that his that his only skill is to â€Å"dig with his pen† He knows that he can never be as good with a spade and feels that he is more comfortable with a pen. (snug as a gun) Repeating the lines in the last verse confirms this comfort and confirms his only way to match their skill is to â€Å"dig with his pen† I like to think this poem has that simple message. I hope you agree ! Someone asks about â€Å" Toners bog† This is the name of a local bog, (a family name called Toner ) Seamus Heaney tries to explain a change in time with this poem. He uses a good choice of language within this poem to effectively illustrate his views on an old tradition in many English towns. The mining off coal, gold and earth which is used to burn fires, these are all things that were apart of most common families that did this day in day out as a living. a change in time and of course educational circumstances and the fact that the mines and these methods of work have become irrelevant in modern times have made the person in the poem change, thus allowing him to have a different future through the pen, a good life not a hard one like his father and grandfather before him who used the spade. He says within the poem that he has ‘no spade to follow men like them’ this is because that way of life has now become history and change has come by. For me, Heaney uses ‘the squat pen’ as his intricate tool of choice, the use of which for him, transcends that of a spade. the free verse style of the poem is used to enable this professed deviation from this traditional ancestral manual labour. Throughout the poem, Heaney displays nothing but respect for his ancestor’s particuarly his grandfather, of whom his memories are particuarly fond. One can find examples of Heaney’s admiration and aspiration to the man when he depicts his inferior actions ‘corked sloppily with paper’ compared with his grandfather’s ‘nicking and slicing neatly. ‘ The use of assonance here also serves the emphasise the importance of his grandfather’s skillset. Heaney however in the penultimate stanza, realizes that he can never spark a passion for the ‘cold smell of potato mould’ and ‘soggy peat’ and the diction reflects this mood shift to disillusionment. Overall, Heaney realises that in choosing ‘the squat pen’ over ‘the spade’ he is in fact ‘digging’ up memories of his ancestors, complementing and helping their work to be realised in this sense. So all in all, he draws the conclusion that whilst we must not forget our roots,we must pursue our passions and dreams in life. For Heaney, it is writing in which he finds solace, which enables him to transfer memories onto paper, giving old thoughts the power to transcend time. How to cite Digging-Seamus Heaney, Essay examples

Effect of Growing Internet Newspapers on Circulation free essay sample

Small and medium-sized print newspapers showed obvious decreasing circulation since 1990 while the declining trend was not evident for large newspapers. The readership of the Internet newspaper had been considerably growing since 1995. However, scale of the circulation decline of print newspapers did not show evident replacing effect of the Internet newspapers. About half of the publishers and online editors did not regard the Internet newspaper as a major factor that reduced readership of print newspapers. Keywords: Online newspaper, relative constancy, replacing effect, newspaper circulation, Internet survey Effect of Growing Internet Newspapers on Circulation of Print Newspapers in the U. S. Early in 1986, when new interactive technologies had been available only for several years in the United States, Rogers pointed out that their potential effect was quite high. He argued the new media were shaking the foundations of how communication could occur. The potential uses were intriguing and the scale of effects was staggering. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Growing Internet Newspapers on Circulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page l As the Internet newspaper developed in the early 1990s, enthusiasm for online newspapers led some media analysts to predict that printed newspapers would disappear in the near future. 2 As the Internet grew, print newspaper users appeared to be shrinking. 3 Considering the advantages of the Internet newspaper over print newspapers, a question arises: Has the Internet newspaper already derived readers from print newspapers? The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Internet newspapers on circulation of print newspapers in the United States since 1995. This study aims to find changes of print newspaper circulation and the Internet newspaper readership from 1995 to 2000 and LITERATURE REVIEW Effect of New Media Technology on Old Media New technologies ring new opportunities as well as threats to existing media. 4 Rogers discussed the effects of television on film and radio in the 1950s in the United States and noted that leisure time use was affected, as television grabbed huge gobs of time away from radio-listening, reading, and other activities. In a study of the effect of new technology on existing mass media advertising revenues and consumer spending between 1929-1968, McCombs proposed the hypothesis of relative constancy. He found that media spending by consumers roughly parallel the growth of consumers income. Consumer spending on mass media was constant over time.